Dear reader,
instead of a long, thorough analysis what actually went wrong fighting the second wave in various countries, here's just a compilation of links which show innovative technical solutions against airborne infections like SARS-CoV2. Some of those links also include information of 'reluctance' of policy makers to implement those solutions. (either because of lacking funding or just plain ignorance) Thousands of lives could have been saved already if governments cared more about providing high quality respirators for citizens meeting with others, especially indoors.
As communicated to some European military & civilian leading authorities, not all countermeasures against the spread of the highly contagious virus based just on controlling human behavior will be sufficient to tackle the problem.
60 percent of French people admit to violating the lockdown rules in France... so what now? https://t.co/gIr5B5RQms via @RFI_En
— RFI English (@RFI_En) November 12, 2020
Especially considering all factors including active sabotage by people who are very busy persuading others not to wear masks or keep the necessary distances. And according to some scientists/governments this current virus pandemic is far from over even when vaccinations commence: Swedish Government Says Vaccine Won’t Make Pandemic Go Away: DN [Bloomberg]
Hope for the best, prepare for the worst...
Just one additional comment: from the very beginning of the crisis emerging in Northern Italy, governments should have take precautions ("plan B", "failure is not an option") for more effective battle against the spread of a new, airborne virus under the assumption of a worst case scenario, instead of holding on to the misguided believe that keeping a distance of 1 or 1.5 or 2 meters will be sufficient to interrupt the chain of infection. Why not trying to mass produce /provide optimal protective gear (99-100 % airtight, with very good filter performance) for medical staff first and vulnerable parts of the population second ? BTW: Just from watching various footage of medical staff (interviewed or passing by/filmed on duty) in COVID-19 wards in different countries it's no wonder nurses and doctors have been also infected with COVID-19. Especially women wore N95/FFP2 masks which were just too big for their faces, so those masks didn't seal properly ("one size fits all") An observation in Canada: during 1st wave During 2nd wave (European observations) ICU bed scarcity occurred because medical staff shortages due to infections or quarantines of suspected infections.
It's not rocket science and the recommendations including to wear scarfs or other simple pieces of cloth may have been legitimate at the very beginning of the crisis but not anymore ! It will take months, maybe even year, to reach some kind of 'herd immunity' by mass vaccination. Thousands more will die / get very sick unnecessarily ! Just like the Japanese people we should learn that it's much better to be prepared for very rare, but inevitable disaster events like earthquakes: Disaster Prevention Day. [Wikipedia] Unlike earthquakes European governments had more than six month during late Spring/Summer 2020 to prepare for a second wave of SARS-CoV2 infections.
Very important: protecting people / large parts of the population from getting killed or seriously sick should have never become a political issue, except perhaps for the (imaginary!) "National Darwinist Party"
EZR endorsed: EU4Health: MEPs pave the way for an effective EU health programme [europarl.europa.eu , Nov 13 2020]
Starting from November 28 the link compilation will be updated at least twice a week. Please note that at time this list was compiled all links worked, but there's no guarantee that websites remove or alter their content. Based on various research papers / outbreak analysis it's fair to say that protecting the airflow through nose/mouth into the lungs(superspreader events) is much more important than preventing infections resulting from contaminated hands/fingers touching the face. (current hand hygiene guidance sufficient)
Now in print. Highly recommend this perspective from 3 leading experts
— Eric Topol (@EricTopol) December 13, 2020
"Shared air is the problem, not shared surfaces"
"No data studies we are aware of have cultured the virus from surfaces" pic.twitter.com/GkBk7F68vf
I loved that my school opened this by showing two classic ‘hygiene theater’ examples: spraying floors in schools and wiping down groceries.
— Joseph Allen (@j_g_allen) December 27, 2020
(note: op-ed referenced in vid is w co-authors @linseymarr and @ProfCharlesHaas) https://t.co/beRj73F5LE
All commercial products listed here are just a 'proof of concept' and not tested or recommended by EZR. Always use a search engine for similar products and better pricing.
importance of preventing the virus entering/exiting the human body
Coronavirus: Which face covering works best? Scientists test 14 masks - and find one actually increases risk of infection [Sky News, Aug 26 2020]
Unmasked! The effect of face masks on the spread of COVID-19 [Voxeu, June 22 2020]
Face masks considerably reduce COVID-19 cases in Germany [PNAS, Dec 3 2020]
Speech can produce jet-like transport relevant to asymptomatic spreading of virus [PNAS, Oct 13 2020]
‘A Smoking Gun’: Infectious Coronavirus Retrieved From Hospital Air [NYTimes, Aug 11 2020]
What ICU doctors have learned about COVID-19 — and how they're prepared for a 2nd wave [NBC, June 13 2020]
Evidence of Long-Distance Droplet Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 by Direct Air Flow in a Restaurant in Korea [JKMS, Korea, Nov 23 2020]
Swedish study conducted in Uppsala University Hospital finds SARS-CoV-2 in exhaust filters over 50 metres from patient care areas. The study concludes droplet transmission can't explain the findings. Measures against airborne transmission are necessary. https://t.co/iMKjhPW7wx
— Virpi Flyg (@VirpiFlyg) November 11, 2020
Waar komt die blinde vlek vandaan? “Enerzijds omdat de WHO, net als het Nederlandse OMT, vooral uit medici bestaat. Die kijken naar situaties als intubaties of operaties waarbij virusdeeltjes vrijkomen; daar begrijpen ze de risico’s van. Het zijn alleen geen fysici die het transport van deeltjes begrijpen, of ingenieur die feeling hebben met ventilatiesystemen”, legt Bluyssen uit. “Anderzijds, als de WHO onderkent dat dit risico er is, dan betekent dat nogal wat voor landen waar ze de middelen niet hebben voor goede ventilatie.”
source: huidige-ventilatierichtlijnen-niet-voldoende-in-de-strijd-tegen-corona/ [NETHERLANDS, Prof. Bluyssen TU Delft]
(2) Hier nur ein paar Zitate aus dem @nytimes Artikel, der es gut zusammenfasst. Viele auch jüngere #LongCovid Patienten aus der 1. Welle sind bis heute nicht im Beruf zurück. Die Langzeitkosten von #LongCovid sind menschlich und ökonomisch immens. Das wird viel zu wenig beachtet pic.twitter.com/T4M1aFPgu9
— Karl Lauterbach (@Karl_Lauterbach) December 7, 2020
Public health measures in various countries (mask mandates, etc)
Coronavirus: Masks made mandatory outdoors across Italy [ITALY, Oct 8 2020]
Free face masks given to public transport passengers in Aarhus https://t.co/Jc6Ou1D7xH
— The Local Denmark (@TheLocalDenmark) August 10, 2020
Bremer Senat setzt bei Verteilung von FFP2-Masken auf Solidarität [GERMANY, Butenunbinnen Nov 12 2020]
Nog maar helft van gratis mondmaskers van federale overheid opgehaald [BELGIUM, VRT, Sep 28 2020]
"Isabel Díaz Ayuso, has announced that a new hospital will be created in the region specifically for dealing with epidemics such as Covid-19 or the flu...Pharmacies in the Madrid region will be distributing seven million FFP2 face masks for free among the public "[El Pais ENG] https://t.co/ACODFapHtO
— EZR🇪🇺news channel (@EZR_news) May 10, 2020
Everyone aged 65 or older will get a free FFP2 (N95) mask in Austria, curtesy of the government. #coronavirus https://t.co/ekY3QiLlDT
— Bojan Pancevski (@bopanc) December 1, 2020
Bis 31.12. können Risikogruppen 3 besonders gut schützende #FFP2-Masken kostenlos in Apotheken erhalten. Und nächstes Jahr zusätzl. 2 mal 6 Masken gegen eine Zuzahlung von je 2 €. @jensspahn dazu: „Risikogruppen in der Pandemie bestmöglich zu schützen, ist unser oberstes Ziel.“ pic.twitter.com/494SWglcjr
— BMG (@BMG_Bund) December 9, 2020
Petition fordert kostenlose FFP2-Masken für Risikogruppen und alle ab 60 [BELGIUM, BRF, Dec 7 2020]
Bürgermeister von Goch verlangt demnächst FFP2 Masken für Besuch im Rathaus [GERMANY, Rheinische Post, Dec 7 2020]
advanced research methods to detects outbreaks
Italy sewage study suggests COVID-19 was there in December 2019 [Reuters, June 19 2020]
Filtering masks for personal protection
Großer Ansturm auf FFP2-Masken in Niederbayerns Apotheken https://t.co/GouTxE4Vbq pic.twitter.com/gMwUTrc5xu
— BR_Niederbayern (@BR_Niederbayern) December 15, 2020
https://www1.wdr.de/nachrichten/rheinland/laschet-besucht-vliesfirma-100.html [GERMANY, WDR]
Falsche FFP2-Masken: Wettbewerbszentrale zieht vor Gericht [GERMANY, Apotheke adhoc, Nov 19 2020]
Minderwertige FFP-2-Masken Weniger Schutz vor Corona-Viren [GERMANY, ZDF(video), Oct 26 2020]
Bremer Senat bestellt weitere 1,5 Millionen FFP2-Masken für Senioren [GERMANY, Butenenbinnen(NDR), Nov 16 2020]
Face masks developed in Ireland could help meat-plant workers [IRELAND, Irish Times, Aug 10 2020]
“Virus Terminator” Mask developed at Thessaloniki University [GREECE, KeepTalkingGreece, Dec 7 2020]
apanese Engineers Develop a Mask with Built-in Speaker, Microphone, and Translation Software [JAPAN, Tech Times, Jun 29 2020]
Avec plus de 500.000 précommandes, la production vient de démarrerhttps://t.co/43NGy39WDL
— BFM Auto (@BFM_Auto) April 30, 2020
University Hospital Southampton has become the first healthcare provider in the country to widely introduce a pioneering protective respirator hood for staff treating patients with #coronavirus (#COVID19). https://t.co/SuaWMoieoV pic.twitter.com/t5pZjN0u73
— University Hospital Southampton (@UHSFT) April 23, 2020
Corona-Schutz mit CE-Kennzeichnung [GERMANY, Dekra]
Notified bodies Nando [EUROPA database)]
Lots of questions about KN95s. Their filtration efficiency is supposed to be similar to that of N95s, but (1) actual performance depends on fit (ensure no gaps), (2) fakes are a problem. I have seen test data for some that are <25% efficient. https://t.co/BZSmH4KPHn
— Linsey Marr (@linseymarr) January 7, 2021
QUALITÄTSMERKMALE VON FFP ATEMSCHUTZMASKEN [GERMANY, Moldex Gruppe(comm) ]
#FFP2-Masken versprechen größeren Schutz als normale Mund-Nasen-Masken – gerade für den Träger. Doch es sind viele minderwertige #Masken im Handel, die einen FFP2-Standard nur vortäuschen. pic.twitter.com/ru3D7mhqG2
— phoenix (@phoenix_de) November 30, 2020
Qualität erkennen Welche FFP2-Masken sind sicher? {GERMANY, StuttgarterNachrichten, Dec 3 2020]
#Faktenfuchs: Warum Klarsichtmasken umstritten sind [GERMANY, BayrischerRundfunk, Dec 3 2020]
Pilotstudie: Umstrittene Klarsichtmaske bietet keinen Schutz [GERMANY, BayrischerRundfunk, Dec 8 2020]
Wann gibt es die FFP2-Masken für Risikopatienten? [GERMANY, Bayrischer Rundfunk, Dec 4 2020]
Dräger öffnet eigenen Online-Shop für FFP-Masken [GERMANY, MedEcon, Dec 8 2020]
People not heeding advice
(so other people have to wear protective filtering masks)
10% of travelers won't wear a mask on public transport [NETHERLANDS, NL Times, Dec 14 2020]
re-usable PPE
Austria:
Bei den #COVID19at -Tests für unsere Soldaten wird Einwegschutzbekleidung verwendet. Dies führt zu einem Müllproblem. Die Mitarbeiter der Heeresbekleidungsanstalt in Brunn entwarfen und schneiderten daher wiederverwendbare Schutzbekleidung. In Heeresgrün. #Bundesheer pic.twitter.com/KiOm6ZX97Z
— Michael Bauer (@Bundesheerbauer) December 17, 2020
fixed/mobile filter systems for rooms, buildings, vehicles
Raumluftfilter: „Im Skiurlaub zieht man sich ja auch warm an“ GERMANY,Henstedt-Ulzberger Nachrichten, Nov 24 2020]
Kein Dauerlüften mehr: Schule baut Abluftanlage selbst [GERMANY, WDR, Nov 26 2020]
Universität der Bundeswehr München legt Schulstudie vor: Covid-19-Kriterien erfordern Luftreiniger mit H14-HEPA-Filter [GERMANY, Presseportal, Sep 23 2020]
Mobile Raumluftfilter – die Winter-Wunderwaffe? [GERMANY, Der Spiegel, Oct 30 2020]
Luftreiniger schützen besser als Lüften [GERMANY, N-TV, Aug 6 2020]
Guter Artikel über den Sinn von mobilen Luftfiltern für Schulen. Das könnte die wichtigste Investition gegen Coronaviren für die Schulen werden. Ihre Wirkung sollte jetzt im Praxiseinsatz getestet werden. https://t.co/aNSzJWNQDw
— Karl Lauterbach (@Karl_Lauterbach) September 20, 2020
Die Stadt Herne prüft, ob sie Luftreiniger in Klassenzimmern einsetzt. Studien haben gezeigt, dass dadurch die Infektionsgefahr mit dem #Coronavirus gesenkt werden kann. https://t.co/4jjleY70qY
— WDR aktuell (@WDRaktuell) September 2, 2020
Ons ventilatiebeleid (NL-Duitsland:0-10) en oplopende cijfers (geen paniek) [Netherlands, MDH, Sep 25 2020]
Het grote belang van luchtreiniging bij de bestrijding van COVID-19 [Netherlands, Maurice de Hond]
Ventilatie, Bestrijdingsmaatregelen [The Netherlands, Maurice de Hond, various articles]
Here's a great thread on what air cleaners to get if can't avoid shared air. TLDR: MERV 13+ in your HVAC system if possible; portable HEPA air purifier appropriately sized; you can skip other gimmicks (ozone, ionizers, extra UV) https://t.co/UUpZLcK57r
— Linsey Marr (@linseymarr) December 7, 2020
Nationwide, an estimated 41% of school districts need to update or replace their heating, ventilation and cooling systems in at least half their schools, according to a federal report issued in June. https://t.co/jNQ8ug4K0K
— Stars and Stripes (@starsandstripes) August 10, 2020
Daimler Buses: Veel luchtverversing met actieve filters verhoogt veiligheid in bussen [Omniplus (commercial)]
Untersuchung des Ansteckungsrisikos im Reisebus [GERMANY, Technical University-Berlin]
Erste Fahrzeuge bereits im Einsatz Antivirale Filter im Padersprinter [GERMANY, Westfalenblatt, Oct 19 2020]
surface disinfection
German start-up in global demand with anti-virus escalators #jakpost https://t.co/JIh1BddTIH
— The Jakarta Post (@jakpost) April 26, 2020
Meet the Romanian robot which kills the coronavirus with UV light [ROMANIA, EBRD, Oct 19 2020]
miscellaneous infection prevention
COVID-19: Nasal-Spray Preventive / WHO on Minks / Neutralizing Antibody Test [NEJM/jwatch, Nov 8 2020]
Nasal Spray Prevents Covid Infection in Ferrets, Study Finds [NYTimes, Nov 5 2020]
rapid tests / mass testing
Options for the use of rapid antigen tests for COVID-19 in the EU/EEA and the UK
- ECDC agrees with the minimum performance requirements set by WHO at ≥80% sensitivity and ≥97% specificity.
[EUROPE,ECDC, Nov 19 2020]
Of course SARS-CoV-2, sorry for that. https://t.co/Yin74LcSiH
— Christian Drosten (@c_drosten) December 9, 2020
South Korea's elite contact tracers show the world how to beat Covid-19 [KOREA, Straits Times, Jul 27 2020]
Westen startet Massentests bereits Anfang Dezember [AUSTRIA, Kurier, Nov 25 2020]
Massentests: 4.000 Infizierte bei zwei Millionen Tests [AUSTRIA, Kurier, Dec 14 2020]
Südtirol: Viele Freiwillige halfen mit [ITALY, ORF, Nov 23 2020]
Corona-Massentest "Testen. Erkennen. Isolieren." [ITALY, RAI (inGerman), Dec 10]
COVID-19: Liverpool councillors go door to door encouraging people to get tested [UK, Sky News Nov 28 2020]
Slovakia's Second Round of Coronavirus Tests Draws Large Crowds [SLOVAKIA, VOA Nov7 2020]
A total of 3,625,332 people attended the mass-testing event
— Radio Slovakia Int. (@RSI_English) November 2, 2020
with antigen tests at the weekend in #Slovakia, 38,359 tested positive (1.06%). Lower incidence in Southern Slovakia, higher in the North.
❗️ The second round of countrywide testing for novel coronavirus is underway. Today and tomorrow, from 8am to 8pm, concerning the "red" districts. Some neighbouring districts (e.g. Nitra) will also open testing places for people, who commute to the "red" districts. pic.twitter.com/j9ucWVSpEz
— Radio Slovakia Int. (@RSI_English) November 7, 2020
Did you know that our Vivalytic analysis device is predestined for decentralized use in for example nursing homes? Using our rapid #COVID19 test for the device, infections can be identified quickly, protecting the residents. https://t.co/I4r8kYcajG #InternationalDayofOlderPersons pic.twitter.com/RCzbwSu8Q0
— BoschGlobal (@BoschGlobal) October 1, 2020
FDA authorizes first fully at-home, over the counter COVID test [USA, The Hill, Dec 15 2020]
Great initiative: In the rolling laboratory by MAN, #COVID19 tests are carried out directly on site with the Bosch Vivalytic analysis devices. Our rapid test delivers results in 39 minutes. https://t.co/kHZEbVYwmG
— BoschGlobal (@BoschGlobal) October 28, 2020
Evaluation of the accuracy and ease-of-use of Abbott PanBio - A WHO emergency use listed, rapid, antigen-detecting point-of-care diagnostic test for SARS-CoV-2 [medrxiv, Nov 30 2020]
Freiburg University Hospital and Siemens Healthineers reduce COVID-19 infection risk for employees in radiology and drive quality improvements [GERMANY, SiemensHealthineers , Jun 19 2020]
(1) Studie mit Panbio Abbott Schnelltest zeigt, dass Test in Hausarztpraxis alle ansteckenden Infizierten zuverlässig erkannte. Solche Tests müssen systematisch in Schulen, Pflegereinrichtungen und Praxen eingesetzt werden. Eine grosse Lösung muss kommen: https://t.co/6LgD6S7rcI
— Karl Lauterbach (@Karl_Lauterbach) December 3, 2020
#Covid19 rapid test by @Mologic gives results in 10’ and has received CE mark.
— Dr Elisabetta (@ViralRNA) December 24, 2020
To guarantee access in low- and middle-income countries, it will be manufactured and made available by Global Access Diagnostics (GAD), at cost of production and distributed through partners.
1/2 https://t.co/GuOggkjkQr
Initial results of rapid antigen tests for COVID-19 very promising [Netherlands, RIVM, Aug 10 2020]
Sneltest corona blijkt ook geschikt voor testen zonder klachten [Netherlands, NOS, Dec 4 2020]
Covid: NHS rapid test use defended amid accuracy concerns [UK, BBC, Dec 6 2020]
This is one of the best descriptions of the overall program of wide scale frequent accessible rapid tests to help control #SARSCoV2 #COVID19
— Michael Mina (@michaelmina_lab) December 6, 2020
It discusses the pros, the cons and the science succinctly and to the point.
By @kieranleavitt https://t.co/oLbWUurhfD
In einem Nürnberger Pflegezentrum werden seit vier Wochen täglich #Antigen-#Schnelltests durchgeführt. ⬇️https://t.co/I2KYvwXDHr
— BR24 (@BR24) November 16, 2020
mobile ICU wards/beds (better prevent infections!)
The U.S. never bought France's TGV trains but some American doctors say the country might take its cue from France's Covid patient high-speed rail transfers. @djmatthewdalton @nick_kostovhttps://t.co/1ilcTMWeuN via @WSJ
— David G-V (@gauthiervillars) April 26, 2020
French state-of-the-art mobile hospital frees-up beds for Covid-19 patients in southwest [FRANCE, RFI Nov 14 2020]
Robots for patient care and other tasks
The pandemic has been good for one kind of worker: robots [National Geographic, Sep 3 2020]
Robots are joining the fight against coronavirus in India [INDIA, CNN, Nov 12 2020]
COVID-19 robot patrol rolled out in Belgian hospitals [BELGIUM, Reuters, Jun 29 2020]
Look inside the hospital in China where coronavirus patients were treated by robots [CHINA, CNBC]
Coronavirus: Robots use light beams to zap hospital viruses [CHINA, BBC, Mar 20 2020]
Monitoring blood oxygen levels 4 vulnerable people at home
🇮🇩&🇮🇳Covid-19 pandemic: How a Rs 1000 device is helping Delhi fight the coronavirus [2.9.2020]
— EZR🇪🇺news channel (@EZR_news) January 1, 2021
"Delhi’s government has so far distributed pulse oximeters to more than 32,000 people for free...The programme was devised in May.." cc @MinVWShttps://t.co/hU2lnKPAb8
Using hotel rooms for isolation
Travellers from South Korea taken to isolation hotel in Wellington [NewZealand, Radio New Zealand, Jun 26 2020]
South Korean-style Covid-19 hotels could help to stop Britons flouting self-isolation rules amid fears only 15% are fully complying, SAGE expert suggests [UK, Daily Mail, Dec 8 2020]
VIP quarantine: Vietnam luxury hotels double as isolation quarters [Vietnam, Nikkei.com, Aug 25 2020]
Der Marburger Bund fordert deswegen nun schnelle Lösungen: „Um die Infektionen im häuslichen Umfeld zu reduzieren, sollten positiv Getestete das Angebot bekommen, die zehntägige Quarantäne in einem Hotelzimmer zu verbringen.“ Das Angebot sollte freiwillig sein und nur für Menschen gelten, die gar keine oder nur schwache Symptome haben, so Johna.
source:Deutschland am Corona Limit - Kommt die Quarantäne im Hotel ? [GERMANY, Morgenpost, Nov 6 2020]
Corona tracing apps
A bit tricky, since they only work properly (as intended) when embedded into a a good testing & isolating scheme as explained in detail here: Contact tracing apps [EZRsecurity, Dec 25 2020]
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Document created: Nov 28 2020
Document updated: Jan 25 2021
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